Mystery of longevity as 200 years found at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean!
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Mystery of longevity as 200 years found at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean!
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Mystery of longevity as 200 years found at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean!
Science: The mystery of longevity that can live 200 years has been found at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean!
The rockfish living on the coast of the Pacific Ocean hides a mystery about longevity: Among 137 species of rockfish, there is a huge difference in lifespan between different species-some can only live for about 10 years, some But they can live for 200 years, and the life span of the two is 20 times worse! This also makes the latter one of the longest-lived vertebrates.
What is it that brings amazing longevity? Today’s latest issue of “Science” magazine reveals to us the mystery behind this longevity in the form of a cover paper.
Scientists from the University of California, Berkeley collected tissue samples of 88 species of rockfish, and did whole-genome sequencing to analyze whether there are some genetic differences between rockfish of different life spans. In these vast genetic books, a picture of the survival of the fittest for thousands of years is slowly unfolding in front of us.
First of all, the long-lived rock fish (lives more than 105 years) has abundant DNA repair pathways. We know that when organisms age, they will continue to accumulate DNA damage, and these damages may further accelerate the aging process. If these damaged DNA can be repaired in time, the genome can be maintained in a “young state” and aging can be delayed.
Consistent with this discovery, those short-lived rockfish (less than 20 years alive) do not have these abundant pathways.
In addition to the DNA repair pathway, the researchers also found 137 genes related to longevity, which affect insulin signaling, body shape, and adaptation to the environment. Among them, the butyrophilin gene family, which is related to immune regulation, has a significant increase in copy number in the longevity rockfish. This is a gene that has an immunosuppressive effect, indicating that there is not much inflammation in the longevity species.
This finding is also in line with the current longevity theory. On the one hand, as the body continues to age, inflammation in the body will become more and more common; on the other hand, the level of inflammation in some long-lived animals is indeed relatively low.
More importantly, the researchers pointed out that if you want to live longer, you can’t just look at your genes, but also your environment. As previously discovered by genetic analysis, some genes related to longevity make rockfish bigger and able to live in the deep sea. This is complemented by their longevity-there are not so many predators in the deep sea environment, and they are less likely to get sick due to microbial infections.
Therefore, these long-lived fish can safely reduce the inflammatory response in the body, and their DNA repair pathway can play a more critical role.
“Science” magazine has a high evaluation of this research. In addition to listing it as a cover paper, a special article review was also published at the same time to introduce this work. The review pointed out that even though humans have a longer life span compared to other vertebrates, they can still learn more from these fishes.
Humans can learn a lot from the longevity rockfish (picture source: reference [3])
For example, we can increase the activity of DNA repair pathways and reduce the occurrence of cancer; another example is that we can reduce the body’s inflammatory response under appropriate circumstances, thereby reducing the burden on the body; finally, we must build a good living environment and nourish the body. Develop good living habits and reduce premature deaths.
Reference:
[1] Sree Rohit Raj Kolora et al., (2021), Origins and evolution of extreme life span in Pacific Ocean rockfishes, Science, DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5332
[2] J. Yuyang Lu et al., (2021), Long-lived fish in a big pond, Science, DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3392
[3] Pacific Ocean rockfish genomes reveal genetic drivers of extreme life span, Retrieved November 11, 2021, from https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/934104
[4] Genome comparison of 88 rockfish species pinpoints genes associated with a long lifespan, Retrieved November 11, 2021, from https://phys.org/news/2021-11-genome-comparison-rockfish-species-genes.html
(source:internet, reference only)
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