Cell Host & Microbe: Is dietary fiber really good for health?

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Cell Host & Microbe: Is dietary fiber really good for health?

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Cell Host & Microbe: Is dietary fiber really good for health? Maybe Not so!

Dietary fiber tends to work through the microbiome to improve cardiovascular health and prevent metabolic disease and cancer.

Recently, in a research report published in the international journal Cell Host & Microbe, scientists from Stanford University School of Medicine and other institutions found through research that the health benefits of dietary fiber may vary from person to person, which may depend on Specific fiber type and amount consumed.

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312822001664?via%3Dihub

“Our findings suggest that the physiological, microbial, and molecular effects of fiber ingestion often vary widely among individuals,” said researcher Michael Snyder. “The use of targeted fibers mediated by the microbiome to drive health and systems biology The prospect of development in a predictable and individualized direction is enticing.

We all know that a high-fiber diet reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke and cardiovascular disease by lowering cholesterol levels and promoting a healthier blood lipid profile in people who eat a Western diet; dietary fiber is a Carbohydrates that are selectively metabolized by gut microbes but otherwise cannot be considered digestible.

Understanding how dietary fiber affects the microbiome, which in turn affects the body’s biochemical and physiological properties, is critical for the effective use of dietary fiber supplements. Improving human health is critical.

From a chemical point of view, fibers are diverse in length, branching, solubility, charge, and other properties, and their general properties can be studied as complex compounds of plant origin.

It is imperative for researchers to identify individual fibers Pure effect on the body’s microbiome and establish relevant biomarkers of health, which are best determined by testing different fibers in the same individual body.

To address this question, Snyder and colleagues set out to understand how purified single fiber fractions affected the same group of participants.

Specifically, they investigated the physiology of dietary supplementation of two common but structurally distinct soluble fibers These two soluble fibers include arabinoxylan (AX, arabinoxylan) , the most common in whole grains, and long-chain inulin (LCI) , which is present in onions, chicory, and jerusalem .

In this study, the researchers used fecal metagenome, plasma proteome, metabolome, lipidome, and analyzed serum cytokines and clinical values ​​from 18 participants. Improve metabolic and cardiovascular health, but they have not yet utilized multi-omics databases to understand the effects of single fibers on the body’s microbial and metabolomic responses.

All participants consumed 10 grams of fiber per day in the first week, 20 grams per day in the second week, and 30 grams per day in the third week. The results of the study revealed that fiber and the usual dose-dependent microbiological and systemic In response, on average , intake of AX was associated with significantly lower levels of the body’s low-density lipoprotein (LDL, known as bad cholesterol) and increased levels of the body’s bile, which promotes a decrease in cholesterol levels, however, the individual’s Reacting differently, some participants also found no change in their cholesterol levels.

Researcher Snyder said that many high-fiber foods have cholesterol-lowering effects, and the results of this study suggest that this lowering effect may be driven by individual components of the fiber portfolio in non-refined plant foods.

At the same time, LCI was also associated with a modest decrease in the body’s inflammatory marker levels and an increase in the body’s abundance of Bifidobacterium, a beneficial intestinal flora that produces healthy short-chain fatty acids in the body.

But at the highest doses, it also resulted in increased levels of a liver enzyme called alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) and the body’s inflammation, which may suggest that too much fiber intake may are harmful, and again, these potential negative reactions vary in different individual organisms.

Two limitations of this study are the short study duration and the small sample size of participants.

The researchers pointed out that this study may reveal the molecular mechanism behind the fiber-induced reduction of cholesterol levels in the body, as well as the harmful effects caused by high levels of inulin intake, highlighting the relationship between individual purified dietary fibers and the body’s microbiome. association.

Taken together, our findings suggest that the health benefits of dietary fiber depend on factors such as fiber type, dose, and participants, derived from a multifactorial blueprint resulting from the interplay between fiber, the body’s gut microbiome, and predisposition.

The results of this study have important implications for elucidating individual body responses and developing novel interventions.

References
[1]Samuel M.Lancaster，Brittany Lee-McMullen，Charles Wilbur Abbott, et al. Global, distinctive, and personal changes in molecular and microbial profiles by specific fibers in humans, Cell Host & Microbe (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.03.036

Cell Host & Microbe: Is dietary fiber really good for health?

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