Nature: COVID-19 patients’ antiviral response damaged

Nature: COVID-19 patients’ antiviral response damaged, cannot produce a protective cell population.

On January 25, 2021, researchers from the University of California, San Francisco published a research paper titled Global absence and targeting of protective immune states in severe COVID-19 in Nature Online.

The research team’s analysis of 21 mild or severe patients with new coronavirus pneumonia revealed that severe patients with newcoronavirus pneumonia have antibodies that can inhibit effective antiviral responses, and the immune system of severe patients with new coronavirus pneumonia has not been as protective as the immune system of mild patients The study also identified potential therapeutic targets that can reactivate the antiviral response.

The research team studied the differences in immune response between mild and severe patients with new coronavirus pneumonia (11 and 10, respectively). Mild patients will produce protective immune cells through a process called interferon-induced gene expression. Interferon is a signal protein released by the body when facing infection, which can trigger immune cells to attack the virus and at the same time prevent the virus from entering the host cell. Has a direct inhibitory effect. However, the level of this interferon-induced gene expression profile is low in all immune cell populations in critically ill patients in this study. The author also proved that severely ill patients will produce some antibodies that can actively inhibit the production of immune cells through the interferon signaling pathway.

Experiments to identify the suppressive mechanism of the immune response discovered a signaling pathway that is responsible for suppressing interferon-induced gene expression in critically ill patients. The author believes that drugs known to inhibit specific signaling pathways, combined with the serum of patients who have recovered from new coronavirus pneumonia, may represent a new potential immunotherapy method for new coronavirus pneumonia, which can protect patients from developing severe symptoms. The antibody response of new coronavirus pneumonia needs to be further studied, and the author concluded that the specific antibody properties of each patient may also vary from person to person.

Paper link:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-03234-7

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