Prospects of stem cell treatment of 4 types of kidney disease

Prospects of stem cell treatment of 4 types of kidney disease.  At present, the effect of treating renal fibrosis is not ideal, and the transplanted stem cells tend to home to the wounded site.

Stem cell therapy is currently a research hotspot in the field of regenerative medicine, the most exciting research field in current biomedical research, and the most promising frontier subject.

Stem cell therapy is valued by scientists in the field of kidney disease, and has shown good effects in basic research on kidney diseases such as chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, and renal fibrosis, laying the foundation for clinical application.

1. Chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney structure and dysfunction caused by various reasons becomes chronic kidney disease for ≥3 months, and the main indicator is glomerular filtration rate GFR<60mL/min. Zhu et al. and Ebrahimi et al. verified through animal experiments that stem cells can promote the microcirculation of renal blood vessels and improve renal function. Villanueva et al. treated rats with chronic kidney disease with stem cells, and found that the blood creatinine level of rats was reduced, and the expression of injury markers ED-1 and α-SMA was reduced. A protein closely related to the improvement of renal function, and transplanted stem cells were found in the kidney pathological examination.

2. Acute kidney injury

Stem cell therapy is expected to become an ideal method for the treatment of acute kidney injury, and it has been applied to acute kidney injury caused by a variety of factors. The mechanism of stem cell therapy is multi-factorial. It can differentiate into kidney cells through self-renewal ability and accelerate its repair by releasing cytokines or growth factors. In addition, stem cells act on all aspects of the acute kidney injury mechanism, and achieve kidney protection through paracrine, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.

3. Diabetic nephropathy

The prevalence of nephropathy in diabetic patients is as high as 20% to 40%, which is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease. Park et al. transplanted stem cells into diabetic mice with kidney damage. After 4 weeks, compared with diabetic mice that did not receive stem cell treatment, the urinary albumin excretion rate decreased, smooth muscle actin decreased, and kidney fibrosis was suppressed. , Epithelial cadherin mRNA increases, and transplanted stem cells can be found in the kidney.

4. Renal fibrosis

At present, the effect of treating renal fibrosis is not ideal. The transplanted stem cells have a tendency to home to the wounded site. They can be localized to the fibrotic kidney site. Intravenous injection and subcapsular injection will prolong the appearance of stem cells in the renal interstitium. Stem cell therapy can secrete, up-regulate or down-regulate some cytokines, play an anti-fibrotic effect, reduce the degree of renal fibrosis, and improve kidney structure and function.

Stem Cell Therapy

Clinical case: The researchers enrolled 30 patients with chronic kidney disease and used intravenous injection for stem cell therapy. In the first 1, 3, and 6 months after transplantation, the serum creatinine clearance rate of the stem cell treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and 2 patients had protein Urine disappeared.

Another researcher performed stem cell therapy on 15 patients with type 2 diabetes, and found that indicators such as diastolic blood pressure, urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and 24-hour urine albumin were all decreased, which were better than conventional therapy.

At present, stem cell treatment of diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis has successively entered the stage of clinical trials for stem cell registration in some countries, and multi-center clinical research has been carried out, which has improved the true effectiveness of clinical trials and proved the application value of stem cells in the treatment of kidney diseases over time !

(sourceinternet, reference only)

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