The risk of diabetes increases by 40% within one year of COVID-19 infection

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The risk of diabetes increases by 40% within one year of COVID-19 infection

The Lancet: Data from nearly 200,000 people show that within one year of COVID-19 infection, the risk of this disease increases by 40%!

“If you have COVID-19, diabetes is deadly.”

A study published in The Lancet in March 2020 included 191 confirmed patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan and found that 48% of the patients had underlying diseases, of which 19% were patients with diabetes mellitus. people), up to one-third of patients have diabetes.

Diabetes Care also published an article analyzing the clinical characteristics and risk factors of diabetic patients infected with COVID-19 in two hospitals in Wuhan. It was found that patients with diabetes themselves had a higher rate of ICU hospitalization and more deaths than patients with no underlying disease .

The risk of diabetes increases by 40% within one year of COVID-19 infection (Image: Diabetes Care)

A total of 1 561 COVID-19 patients were selected for this study, including 153 diabetic patients (42 in Zhongnan Hospital and 111 in People’s Hospital), and the prevalence of diabetes was 9.8%.

The survey found that patients with Covid-19 and diabetes had low cholesterol levels, PaO 2 levels and CD8 + cell counts, while blood glucose and procalcitonin levels were high.

What’s more, diabetic patients are more likely to suffer from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute heart injury, secondary infection, and shock.

In general, compared with ordinary COVID-19 patients, patients with COVID-19 and diabetes showed more serious clinical signs, and the proportion of entering ICU was also greatly increased.

The risk of diabetes increases by 40% within one year of COVID-19 infection Participate in the investigation of patient outcomes. ( Diabetes Care)

Likewise, the study found that people with diabetes showed higher mortality rates after contracting COVID-19. Compared with the common COVID-19 patients, the lung CT results of the deceased COVID-19 patients with diabetes showed that the proportion of lung involvement rate was higher than 75%, and the proportion of the lung involvement rate was less than 25%. higher.

Patients with COVID-19 and diabetes whose “final destination” is death are more likely to be admitted to the ICU during treatment and receive significantly shorter treatment time.

Among them, age ≥ 70 years and hypertension are important risk factors for in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and diabetes.

The risk of diabetes increases by 40% within one year of COVID-19 infection Survival curves of COVID-19 patients with diabetes and non-diabetic patients. (Diabetes Care)

It can be seen that diabetic patients will suffer a higher “injury value” than ordinary people after being infected with the COVID-19. For patients with underlying diseases such as diabetes themselves, they should be more careful in the face of the COVID-19 virus and always guard against it.

Do you think the “origin” between the COVID-19 and diabetes is limited to this? No, with more in-depth research on viruses in recent years, scientists have found that the new coronavirus can also cause diabetes.

Recently, the Lancet sub-journal published a research paper entitled: Risks and burdens of incident diabetes in long COVID: a cohort study. This large-scale study of nearly 200,000 people showed that compared with uninfected people, the risk of developing diabetes within a year of new coronavirus infection was significantly increased by 40%!

The risk of diabetes increases by 40% within one year of COVID-19 infection ( Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol)

The analysis included approximately 180,000 COVID-19 subjects diagnosed with COVID-19 from the U.S. Veterans Medical Database between March 2020 and September 30, 2021, as well as approximately 4.1 million healthy subjects in the same year.

The subjects served as the “contemporary control group”, and about 4.2 million healthy people in 2017 served as the “historical control group”. The mean follow-up period was one year.

Interestingly, after a year, the control group had a diagnosis of diabetes at a rate of 35 per 1,000 people, while the infection rate among those infected with Covid-19 was 48 per 1,000, and almost all of them were type 2 diabetes.

In contrast, Covid-19 patients had a nearly 40 percent higher risk of developing diabetes a year later than healthy individuals.

Diabetes risk in diagnosed patients compared to controls. (Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol)

At the same time, the severity of the COVID-19 is divided into three levels of non-hospitalization, hospitalization or intensive care, and the risk of developing diabetes also increases with the severity of symptoms.

People who were hospitalized or critically ill with COVID-19 had about three times the risk of diabetes compared to the control group. Even mild, non-hospitalized people with COVID-19 have an increased risk of developing diabetes .

Acute COVID-19 diabetes risk by infection severity compared to controls.
(Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol)

Also, patients over 65 with COVID-19 have a higher risk of diabetes; those with pre-existing overweight/obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia or prediabetes are also more likely to develop diabetes after contracting COVID-19.

On the other hand, compared with patients with BMI 18 5 kg/m 2 ~25 kg/m 2 , patients with BMI of 25 kg/m 2 ~30 kg/m 2 and patients with BMI above 30 kg/m 2 The patients’ risk of developing diabetes increased to varying degrees.

Diabetes risk in COVID-19 patients. (Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol)

In this way, the COVID-19 virus and diabetes seem to “complement each other”: diabetes increases the severity and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia, and patients with COVID-19 pneumonia also show a higher risk of diabetes.

Professor Ji Linong and other 20 top experts in the field of diabetes and endocrinology from around the world made a wonderful exposition, and the relevant conclusions were published in Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol.

They believe that the new coronavirus and diabetes “run in both directions”: on the one hand, diabetes is considered to be an important risk factor for the aggravation of COVID-19 pneumonia.

On the other hand, COVID-19 pneumonia is very likely to be a key factor in new-onset diabetes and aggravate the disease state of diabetic patients.

(Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol)

For patients with diabetes or hyperglycemia in the COVID-19 pneumonia, Ji Linong said: ” It is necessary to strictly control blood sugar without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia and improve the prognosis of patients .

Insulin has no gastrointestinal side effects, obvious hypoglycemic effect, and good prognosis. It is beneficial to tissue repair, the dose can be adjusted in time, and it is not contraindicated by liver and kidney functions, so it should be the first choice for treatment.”

References:
[1] doi : 10.2337/dc20-0598.

[2] doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587 (22)00044-4.

[3] doi:10.1016/S2213- 8587(20)30152-2.

[4] Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet 2020.

The risk of diabetes increases by 40% within one year of COVID-19 infection

(source:internet, reference only)

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