The AO classification of distal femoral fractures
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The AO classification of distal femoral fractures
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The AO classification of distal femoral fractures. It has been adopted by OTA, also known as AO/OTA classification.
There are many types of distal femoral fracture. Scholars at home and abroad have proposed a variety of classification systems.
The more commonly used types are Seinsheimer type and AO type.
Among them, AO classification divides distal femoral fractures into A, B, and C according to the involvement of the articular surface and the fractures of the femoral unicondyle and double condyle, and subtypes according to the severity of comminution.
The AO classification of distal femoral fractures has been adopted by OTA, also known as AO/OTA classification.
A. Extra-articular fracture
A1 Simple fractures: ①Bone convexity fractures; ②Slanted or spiral fractures of the metaphysis; ③Transverse fractures of the metaphysis.
A2 Metaphyseal wedge-shaped fracture: ①Complete wedge- shaped fracture; ②Outside comminuted shape; ③Inside comminuted shape.
A3 Metaphyseal complex fractures: ①Fractures with medial split bone; ②Complicated fractures of irregular and limited to the metaphysis; ③Fractures that extend irregularly to the diaphysis.
B. Partial intra-articular fractures
B1 Lateral condyle sagittal fracture: ①Simple fracture through the intercondylar fossa; ②Simple fracture through the weight bearing surface; ③Comminuted fracture.
B2 Sagittal fracture of the medial condyle : ①Simple fracture through the intercondylar fossa; ②Simple fracture through the weight-bearing surface; ③comminuted fracture.
B3 Fracture of the anterior part of the femoral condyle: ① Fracture of the anterior lateral fragment; ② Fracture of the posterior unicondyle (Hoffa); ③ Fracture of the posterior double condyle.
C. Complete intra-articular fracture
C1 Simple intra-articular and metaphyseal fractures: ①T-shaped or Y-shaped fractures are slightly displaced; ②T-shaped or Y-shaped fractures are significantly displaced; ③T-shaped epiphyseal fractures.
C2 Simple intra-articular fracture, comminuted fracture of metaphysis: ①a complete wedge-shaped bone; ②a comminuted wedge-shaped bone; ③complex fracture.
C3 Comminuted fracture: ①Simple fracture of the metaphysis; ②Comminuted fracture of the metaphysis; ③Comminuted fracture of the diaphysis.
The AO classification of distal femoral fractures
(source:internet, reference only)
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