COVID-19 Sequelaes may be casued by autoantibodies of infected people

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COVID-19 Sequelaes may be caused by a large number of autoantibodies generated by infected people

COVID-19 Sequelaes may be casued by autoantibodies of infected people.  On January 8, 2021, Lancet published Cao Bin’s team’s cohort study on the sequelae of COVID-19.

The study included COVID-19 patients discharged from Chinese Jinyintan Hospital from January to May 2020, and completed follow-up visits to 1,733 patients from June 16 to September 3.

Although the patient’s lung function gradually recovered 6 months after discharge, the lung imaging abnormalities gradually improved.

However, 76% of patients had at least one sequelae 6 months after the onset, the most common was fatigue (63%), followed by sleep disorders (26%), anxiety and depression and other mental-neurological symptoms (23%), 13% The patient has abnormal renal function.

Cao Bin et al. published a paper in The Lancet, summarizing the 6-month follow-up results of Chinese COVID-19 patients. 76% had at least one sequelae, and antibody levels dropped by 52.5%.

• Many recent studies have focused on the sequelae of COVID-19 patients after recovery. John Hopkins Hospital has also established a special clinic.
• On January 8, 2021, Lancet published Cao Bin’s team’s cohort study on the sequelae of COVID-19.
• The study included COVID-19 patients discharged from Jinyintan Hospital from January to May 2020, and 1733 patients were followed up from June 16 to September 3.
• The median age of the patients was 57 years, and the median follow-up time was 186 days.
• The study found that 76% of patients had at least one sequelae 6 months after the onset of onset, the most common being fatigue (63%), followed by sleep disorders (26%), anxiety and depression and other mental-neurological symptoms (23%), 13 % Of patients have abnormal renal function.
• Six months after discharge, the patient’s lung function gradually recovered, and lung imaging abnormalities gradually improved.
• However, in the follow-up of 94 patients, the study found that the level of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies dropped by 52.5% at 6 months of onset.
• This study points out that the sequelae of COVID-19 are uncertain and therefore deserve special attention.

Why are there so many sequelae after 6 months of recovery from the new coronavirus infection?

From the experience of research on antiviral immunity, I feel that COVID-19 is the most intensively studied viral infectious disease so far, and its pathogenesis has a certain universality for acute viral infections: viral infections and the human immune system have always been complex interactions. , Instead of a simple trade-off relationship. Acute viral infections are often self-limiting, but they may cause more permanent immune disorders after infection. Immune disorders, inflammation and autoimmunity may be the key reasons for aggravating the disease and producing sequelae.

On May 19, 2021, Nature published an important article from Yale University, reporting another newly discovered immune pathological mechanism of COVID-19-the production of autoantibodies.

Yale University researchers used a high-throughput autoantibody screening platform (REAP) to screen 2770 potential autoreactive antigens from 194 COVID-19 patients.

The analysis showed that compared with healthy controls, COVID-19 patients produced a large number of autoantibodies against immune-related proteins, including cytokines, chemokines, complement and immune cell surface proteins.

Further studies have found that these autoantibodies can inhibit the antiviral function of the immune system and disrupt the immune function by interfering with the immune cell signal pathway and the distribution of immune cells.
If the above-mentioned autoantibodies (IL-1β, IL-21 and GM-CSF, etc.) are given to k18-hACE2 mice, the mice will be infected more severely after being infected with SARS-CoV-2.

In addition, some COVID-19 patients will also produce antibodies against their own tissue antigens, and some antibodies are related to disease progression. Therefore, these autoantibodies can be used as COVID-19 markers or potential drug targets.

Editor’s note:

Nature’s research further provides the pathogenesis of COVID-19, especially the immune disorders that occur during the recovery period. These results partly explain the mechanism of the high proportion of sequelae in patients recovering from the COVID-19 after 6 months.

This study also reminds us that for COVID-19, the vaccination goal of “as long as the mortality rate is reduced” is extremely wrong.

Recently, many countries issued government orders to restart normal activities, based on the fact that the COVID-19 vaccine can not only prevent the infection of COVID-19, but also significantly reduce the mortality rate after infection.

However, the survival of patients with COVID-19 after infection does not mean the end of their illness, but often the beginning of long-lasting sequelae.
Moreover, we still don’t know what more serious long-term complications will be induced by the COVID-19 infection.

(source:internet, reference only)

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