The most common genetic mutations in human cancers

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The most common genetic mutations in human cancers

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The most common genetic mutations in human cancers. 

We all know that cancer is often caused by genetic mutations for a variety of reasons, but which genes are most frequently mutated in cancer? You may not expect that this genetic question is still unanswered in the rapid development of cancer genomics.

Recently, researchers from the University of Virginia and the Salk Institute published a research paper titled: Cancer gene mutation frequencies for the US population in the journal Nature Communications .

This paper answers a very basic question: What are the most commonly mutated genes in human cancer?

The research team combined genetic mutation information with cancer prevalence data to reveal the genetic basis of cancer in the entire U.S. population of cancer patients. The work revealed how often each gene is mutated in a population of cancer patients , findings that could help guide the development of more effective cancer treatments.

Gene mutations play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of cancer, and these mutated genes can also serve as effective therapeutic targets.

While many studies have identified genetic mutations involved in certain cancers, no research has systematically revealed which genetic mutations are most common in the entire cancer patient population.

In the new study, the research team combined datasets from genomics and epidemiological cancer studies to determine what percentage of all cancer patients have what kind of genetic mutation.

At first, the research team thought the work seemed simple, but soon after they started, they discovered the difficulty: genomics and epidemiological studies did not use a common nomenclature system for various cancers . For example, some researchers classify cancers by body location, while others group cancers by tumor type, and many use a combination of the two. This makes data curation difficult.

To overcome this challenge, the research team carefully analyzed more than 200 studies and individually reviewed and reclassified each cancer according to a common nomenclature system, before performing data comparisons and statistical analyses.

The research team found that the most common gene mutation in cancer was TP53 (34.5%) , followed by PIK3CA (13.5%) and LRP1B (13.1%) . Surprisingly, only 11% of cancers had KRAS gene mutations. This is well below the 25% previously thought. Rounding out the top ten are APC , FAT4 , KMT2D , KMT2C , and BRAF .

TOP50 most commonly mutated genes in cancer

Specific data on TOP25, the most commonly mutated gene in cancer

This is the first time that the frequency and proportion of genetic mutations have been assessed in all cancers, and these results suggest a need to reassess where time, energy and resources should be focused, findings that could help guide the development of more effective cancer treatments.

Reference:

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26213-y

The most common genetic mutations in human cancers

(source:internet, reference only)

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