What are other zoonotic diseases besides monkeypox?
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What are other zoonotic diseases besides monkeypox?
On May 29, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued a disease information circular, assessing the global public health risk of monkeypox as moderate.
WHO said in the notification that between May 13 and 26, 23 non-monkeypox-endemic countries and regions have reported 257 confirmed cases of monkeypox to WHO, and about 120 suspected cases, but fatalities have not yet been reported.
Monkeypox is a zoonoses , which has accounted for a large proportion of all newly discovered infectious diseases and many existing infectious diseases in recent years, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), bola virus disease, salmonellosis, etc., and even coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are zoonotic diseases.
Zoonoses are diseases that are caused by the same pathogen, are epidemiologically related to each other , and are naturally transmitted and infected between animals and humans.
A disease constitutes a zoonotic disease with three characteristics:
- Caused by a common source of infection, including bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, spirochetes, rickettsia, chlamydia, fungi, protozoa, etc.
- In epidemiology, animals are an indispensable link in the occurrence and spread of human diseases, and both animals and humans are susceptible to pathogens.
- In terms of transmission routes, pathogens can naturally spread horizontally between humans and animals, mainly by contact infection, which can be direct contact or indirect contact with media.
Of the 1,415 human diseases classified by WHO, about 61% are zoonotic. Depending on the pathogen, zoonotic diseases are generally classified into the following 8 categories.
Classification of zoonotic diseases and some common diseases
1. Zoonotic diseases caused by bacteria
1) Anthrax
Pathogen: Bacillus anthracis
2) Tuberculosis
Pathogens: Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium caprine, Mycobacterium voles
3) Brucellosis
Pathogens: Brucella abortus, Brucella malta , Brucella suis, Brucella canis
4) Plague (Black Death)
Pathogen: Yersinia pestis
5) Meliosis
Pathogen: Burkholderia pseudomallei
6) Leprosy
Pathogen: Mycobacterium leprae
7) Leptospirosis
Pathogen: Leptospira
8) Tularemia
Pathogen: Francisella tularensis (referred to as tularemia)
9) Arcobacterial infection
pathogen
10) Actinomycosis
Pathogen: Actinomyces bovis
11) Bordetillosis
Pathogen: Bordetella bronchiseptica
12) Lyme disease
Pathogen: Borrelia burgdorferi
13) Campylobacter enteritis
Pathogens: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
14) Campylobacter fetus infection
Pathogen: Campylobacter fetus subsp. venereal disease
15) Clostridium difficile infection
Pathogen: Clostridium difficile
16) Corynebacterium ulcerans and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infections
Pathogen: Corynebacterium ulcerans, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
17) Enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection
Pathogen: Escherichia coli (O157:H7)
18) Helicobacter infection
Pathogen: Helicobacter Gallinarum, Helicobacter suis
19) Vibrio disease
Pathogen: Vibrio parahaemolyticus
20) Salmonellosis
Pathogens: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Bongor
21) Rickettsial disease
Pathogens: Anaplasma phagocytophila, Ehrlichia Ewing, Ehrlichia chaffie, Ehrlichia canis, Neorickettsia glandularis
22) Pasteurellosis (hemorrhagic sepsis)
Pathogen: Pasteurella septicemia
2. Zoonotic diseases caused by viruses
1) Rabies
Pathogen: rabies virus
2) Newcastle disease
Pathogen: Paramyxovirus
3) Bird flu
Pathogen: Influenza A virus
4) Rift Valley Fever
Pathogen: Rift Valley Fever virus
5) Ebola hemorrhagic fever
Pathogen: Ebola virus
6) Marburg virus hemorrhagic fever
Pathogen: Marburg virus
7) Chikungunya fever
Pathogen: Chikungunya virus
8) Dengue fever
Pathogen: Dengue virus
9) Hantavirus infection
Pathogen: Hantavirus
10) Zika fever
Pathogen: Zika virus
11) West Nile fever
Pathogen: West Nile virus
12) AIDS
Pathogen: HIV
13) SARS
Pathogen: SARS virus
14) Monkeypox
Pathogen: monkeypox virus
3. Zoonotic diseases caused by parasites
1) Trichinosis
Pathogen: Trichinella
2) Visceral Transmigration
Pathogens: Ascaris bellii, Toxocara canis, Ascaris feline, Ascaris suum
3) Skin larva migrans
Pathogen: Brazilian hookworm
4) Hydatid disease
Pathogen: Echinococcus granulosus
5) Cryptococcosis
Pathogen: Cryptococcus neoformans
6) Cryptosporidiosis
Pathogen: Cryptosporidium
7) Trematodiasis
Pathogen: Fasciola hepatica, Fasciola maxima
4. Zoonotic diseases caused by fungi
1) Ringworm
Pathogens: Microsporum, Trichophyton.
2) Aspergillosis
Pathogen: Aspergillus
3) Blastomycosis
Pathogen: Blastomyces dermatitidis
4) Coccidioidomycosis
Pathogens: Coccidioides Posadas, Coccidioides Coccidioides
5) Cryptococcosis
Pathogen: Cryptococcus neoformans
6) Sporothriosis
Pathogen: Sporothrix schenckii
7) Malassezia infection
Pathogen: Malassezia
8) Histoplasmosis
Pathogen: Histoplasma capsularis var. capsularis
5. Zoonotic diseases caused by rickettsia
1) Q fever
Pathogen: Kirkusella bernarti
2) Epidemic typhus
Pathogen: Rickettsia Przewalskii
3) Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Pathogen: Rickettsia verticillium
4) Queensland tick-borne typhus
Pathogen: Rickettsia australis
5) typhus
Pathogen: Rickettsia tsutsugamushi
6. Zoonotic diseases caused by chlamydia
1) Endemic abortion
Pathogen: Chlamydia abortus
2) Parrot fever
Pathogen: Chlamydia psittaci
3) Chlamydia
Pathogens: Chlamydia feline, Chlamydia trachomatis
7. Zoonotic diseases caused by protozoa
1) Trypanosomiasis
Pathogen: Trypanosoma brucei
2) Leishmaniasis
Pathogen: Leishmania
3) Sleeping sickness
Pathogen: Trypanosoma brucei
4) Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis)
Pathogen: Trypanosoma cruzi
5) Giardiasis
Pathogen: Giardia lamblia
6) Toxocariasis
Pathogens: Toxocara canis, feline ascariasis
7) Toxoplasmosis
Pathogen: Toxoplasma gondii
8) Tasmaniasis
Pathogen: Colic pouch ciliate
8. Zoonotic diseases caused by non-cellular and non-viral
1) Mad Cow Disease (Creut-Jakob Syndrome)
Pathogen: prion protein
The epidemic of zoonotic diseases has caused human death, disability and incapacity to work, brought economic difficulties to many families and seriously affected social stability.
According to statistics, on a global scale, common zoonotic diseases cause about 2.4 billion illnesses and 2.7 million deaths annually in low- and middle-income countries and regions.
What are other zoonotic diseases besides monkeypox?
(source:internet, reference only)
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