Cellular immunotherapy is effective in treating ovarian cancer!

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Cellular immunotherapy is effective in treating ovarian cancer!

Cellular immunotherapy is effective in treating ovarian cancer! Compared with traditional therapies-surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, cellular immunotherapy has obvious therapeutic effects on ovarian cancer, with less side effects, safety and tolerability. It is worthy of being called the “green therapy” of tumor treatment, and it is the middle and late stage. Of patients provide a new mode of treatment.

Just past May 8, it was the ninth “World Ovarian Cancer Day”. Ovarian cancer is one of the three major malignant tumors in gynecology. It is called the “silent killer” because of its high degree of malignancy and difficulty in diagnosis.

According to data released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization, there will be approximately 314,000 new cases and 207,000 deaths worldwide in 2020. Approximately 70% of patients are in the advanced stage when they are diagnosed, and the 5-year survival rate is only 39%, which is the highest mortality rate for gynecological tumors.

One of the major difficulties in the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer lies in the early diagnosis. Ovarian cancer is called the “silent killer” mainly because it is difficult to detect, difficult to treat, and easy to relapse. In clinical practice, three cruel “70%” of ovarian cancer are often mentioned: 70% of ovarian cancer patients are in advanced stage when they see a doctor; 70% of ovarian cancer patients will relapse within three years after initial treatment; 70% of advanced ovarian cancer The patient’s survival time does not exceed 5 years.

Nearly 30% of patients are inherited, and genetic testing for ovarian cancer is urgent!

At present, the cause of ovarian cancer is not clear, and it may be related to multiple factors, such as heredity, fertility, endocrine and so on.

The most common pathogenic gene mutations are BRCA1 and BRCA2. Women with BRCA1 mutations have a risk of ovarian cancer as high as 21%~51%, while BRCA2 mutations are 11%~17%, and women without BRCA mutations are 1%~ 2%.

Therefore, patients who have already developed ovarian cancer, those with a higher risk of ovarian cancer, and those with the intention of early screening for ovarian cancer should all pay attention to BRCA testing.

Because the BRCA gene is closely related to the occurrence of ovarian cancer, the detection of BRCA gene mutations has the general “compass” for a woman at risk of ovarian cancer or a patient who has developed ovarian cancer. significance.

Here I need to focus on the detection of homologous recombination repair (HRD). This is because BRCA is related to the cell homologous recombination repair process, and BRCA mutation is one of the reasons for homologous recombination defects, so HRD detection should also be paid special attention.

Because patients who have undergone BRCA testing without mutations but have homologous recombination defects can still use PARP inhibitors to benefit.

To deal with gynecological “killer” ovarian cancer, cellular immunotherapy has its own magical powers!

01. CAR-T cell therapy

In recent years, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has played an important role in the treatment of ovarian cancer, and it is currently the focus of attention of researchers.

This therapy is one of the most creative gene therapy. It is mainly used to treat hematological tumors, that is, extract T cells from human blood, apply genetic engineering technology to transform them into CAR-T cells that can recognize and eliminate tumors, and then It is transferred into the patient’s body.

1) Progression-free survival for 5 months, survival up to 17 months! The new CAR-T therapy has achieved remarkable results!

On February 18, the international first-class academic journal “Journal of Cancer Immunotherapy” published the research results of Chinese medical researchers using CAR-T autocrine PD-1 antibody for the treatment of solid tumors. Clinical data showed that a patient with advanced refractory ovarian cancer who used this treatment had a progression-free survival of 5 months and a survival of 17 months. The results indicate that the combination of CAR-T cells and apatinib will become a new treatment method for advanced/refractory ovarian cancer.

This article is also the first international clinical data article using CAR-T autocrine PD-1 antibody for the treatment of solid tumors. According to the researcher, there are currently a variety of CAR-T cell therapies that can achieve a 100% initial remission rate in the initial treatment of hematological tumors. For patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), at the 5th year 46% of patients can achieve complete remission.

Normally, the surface antigens targeted by CARs are mainly proteins and glycolipids. In CAR-T cell therapy for ovarian cancer, the most common target antigens include mesothelin (MSLN), MUC-16, FESR and NKG2D.

02) Dendritic cell therapy

There are hundreds of vaccine researches on ovarian cancer around the world. Among them, there are two vaccines related to dendritic cells. The following is a brief introduction to all cancer friends.

a) The risk of death is reduced by 62%, and the DCVAC/OvCa vaccine will bring good news to patients with ovarian cancer

The DCVAC dendritic vaccine is a live cell immunotherapy that uses its own dendritic cells to be produced and customized for each patient in an attempt to induce an immune response against tumor antigens.

At the 50th Annual Meeting of the Society of Gynecological Oncology (SGO) in 2019, the final results of a phase II clinical trial SOV02 were announced: patients with relapsed, platinum-sensitive, epithelial ovarian cancer using dendritic cell-based immunotherapy DCVAC/OvCA added The standard carboplatin and gemcitabine regimen can extend the overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced recurrence of ovarian cancer by more than one year. Moreover, DCVAC/OvCa reduced the risk of death from second-line treatment for ovarian cancer by 62%. The overall survival (OS) increased significantly by 13.4 months. The median progression-free survival rate (mPFS) increased by 1.8 months. The global phase III study will be launched soon.

b) King Fried Combo! The 2-year overall survival rate reached 100%, and the personalized anti-cancer vaccine made another breakthrough!

Before this, the editor also reported the dendritic cell vaccine OCDC for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Among 25 patients with stage III/IV ovarian cancer, those who responded had a 2-year overall survival rate of 100%. In contrast, patients who did not respond had a 2-year overall survival rate of only 25%.

What is even more surprising is that this vaccine has miraculously recovered a patient. This patient is 46 years old and has stage IV ovarian cancer. Generally speaking, the prognosis of this type of patient is very poor. She had received 5 rounds of chemotherapy before, but to no avail. Perhaps with the attitude of a dead horse as a living horse doctor, she received treatment with anti-cancer vaccines and used personalized anti-cancer vaccines 28 times in 2 years. During the treatment, her cancer was well controlled. After stopping the treatment, she has not relapsed for 5 years, which is a “clinical cure”!
Dendritic cell vaccines have been widely recognized by the international medical anti-tumor field, and have been used in clinical studies of a variety of cancers. This is a new hope for the treatment of cancer patients.

03. NK cell therapy

NK cells are stronger and more effective in killing tumors and virus-infected cells. It can detect and activate the immune defense function in the first time, and quickly kill diseased and cancerous cells, so it is recognized by the medical community as the first line of defense against cancer.

a. Good quality and low price, NK-CAR-iPSC-NK cells effectively fight off ovarian cancer

On June 18, 2018, researchers from the University of California San Diego School of Medicine (UCSD) and the University of Minnesota published a research report in “Cell Stem Cell”. They developed a type of cell called NK-CAR-iPSC-NK, It can be said that it is high quality and low price, not only can effectively fight back ovarian cancer, but also does not produce toxic side effects similar to CAR-T.

Not only that, the researchers also prepared a group of ovarian cancer xenotransplanted mouse models to test the anti-tumor activity and toxic side effects of CAR-NK cells and other versions of NK cells and CAR-T cells. Compared with other versions of NK cells, CAR-NK cells show an overwhelming advantage.

Sum up: 

Compared with traditional therapies-surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, cellular immunotherapy has obvious therapeutic effects on ovarian cancer, with less side effects, safety and tolerability. It is worthy of being called the “green therapy” of tumor treatment, and it is the middle and late stage.

Of patients provide a new mode of treatment. For cancer patients who cannot tolerate surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy, this therapy can repeatedly kill tumor cells, enhance the patient’s immunity, improve clinical efficacy, prolong survival, and greatly reduce the pain of treatment for cancer patients!

(source:internet, reference only)

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