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8 SARS survivors induced anti-coronavirus antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination

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8 SARS survivors induced anti-coronavirus antibodies after COVID-19 vaccination.  NEJM: After 8 SARS survivors were vaccinated with COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, they induced broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus antibodies in their bodies.

From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and then to the new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), in the past 20 years, coronaviruses have invaded human society one after another, causing huge crises to the world. The development of a vaccine with a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus effect is the common wish of all people. Researchers from Singapore have brought new inspiration to achieve this goal. 8 SARS patients vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine

From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and then to the new type of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), in the past 20 years, coronaviruses have invaded human society one after another, causing huge crises to the world. The development of a vaccine with a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus effect is the common wish of all people.

Researchers from Singapore have brought new inspiration to achieve this goal. The neutralizing antibody response induced by 8 SARS survivors vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech’s new coronavirus mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 can not only effectively neutralize the new coronavirus mutant strains including the Delta mutant, but also have the ability to fight against the currently known types of coronaviruses. Effect.

The related report was published in the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) under the title Pan-Sarbecovirus Neutralizing Antibodies in BNT162b2-Immunized SARS-CoV-1 Survivors.

Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are widespread in nature. The spike (S) protein on this type of virus can bind to the ACE2 receptor in the host cell membrane and enter the cell. So far, scientists have found that including SARS virus ( Seven types of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1) and new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), can jump from animals to humans.

Before the outbreak of the new coronavirus, scientists tried to find a weapon against the new coronavirus from SARS-CoV-1, because these two coronaviruses have about 80% of the same genome sequence. However, the reality is always very skinny. Analysis shows that the convalescent serum samples of the two types of patients lack cross-neutralization. This way of finding direct prevention of COVID-19 through SARS will not work.

Things always have their reasons and uses. With this idea, researchers at the National University of Singapore, Singapore’s National Center for Infectious Diseases, etc. decided to take a different approach and focus on the level of antibodies induced in the body of SARS survivors after being vaccinated with the COVID-19 vaccine. superior.

Researchers collected 5 types of serum samples, including 10 serum samples from SARS survivors before being vaccinated with BNT162b2 vaccine, 10 serum samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected persons during infection, and 10 healthy people receiving two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine14 Serum samples from Tianhou, 8 survivors of SARS, and 10 sera samples of COVID-19 survivors after vaccination were analyzed against the virus using the previously developed Alternative Virus Neutralization Test (SVNT) platform.

The analysis results showed that after the two doses of vaccines, high levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 appeared in SARS survivors who had no or only a small amount of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. , Two of them even showed saturation inhibition (100%) of SARS-CoV-2.

In addition, the neutralizing antibody induced by this is the only antibody in the test that has a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus effect. The protective effect of three types of coronaviruses, including the virus and pangolin coronavirus.

Researchers believe that this pan-coronavirus effect is the result of cross-reactive neutralizing antibody enrichment, which was verified in subsequent antibody competition studies. After vaccination, serum samples of SARS survivors showed resistance to 10 types of coronaviruses. The virus has the strongest neutralizing effect, and B cell staining analysis further proves that the neutralizing antibody induced by this has a strong cross-reactivity.

In a review article published in the same period of “Nature”, David Martinez, a viral immunologist at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, proposed that this is a “concept study” that proves that humans can develop a pan-coronavirus vaccine, but it should be noted that , The sample of research is limited. MIT immunologist Daniel Lingwood pointed out that although the discovery of pan-coronavirus neutralizing antibodies is encouraging, it is not yet clear how long this protective effect will last.

Overall, this study confirms the possibility of developing a pan-coronavirus vaccine to some extent. Researchers are currently expanding the study to more SARS survivors and testing their response to other COVID-19 vaccines. It will lay a solid foundation for the development of the third-generation COVID-19 vaccine and prepare for the possible future coronavirus pandemic. 

(source:internet, reference only)

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