Harvard: The second self-healing AIDS patient in the world was discovered
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Harvard: The second self-healing AIDS patient in the world was discovered by same research team.
AIDS is short for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, which iscausedby HIV infection .
HIV is a virus that can attack the human immune system. It takes the most important CD4 T cells in the human immune systemas the main target, destroys the cells in a large amount, and develops after several years, even up to 10 years or longer incubation period.
As a AIDS patient, the body loses its immune function, and multiple infections will occur due to extreme decline in resistance. Malignant tumors often occur in the later stage, and even the whole body fails and died.
During infection, the HIV virus integrates its own genome into the genome of human cells to form a so-called virus pool. In this state, the HIV virus effectively evades drugs and the body’s immune response.
In most people, the virus library will continuously produce new HIV viruses. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can prevent the production of new viruses, but cannot completely remove these virus reservoirs.
Therefore, it is necessary to take medication every day to suppress the virus.
However, the magic is that there are very few who are very lucky. They are called ” elite controllers “. Their own immune system is sufficient to suppress the HIV virus and keep it within a safe range without the need for drug treatment. However, the number of these “elite controllers” is extremely small.
Since they discovered their existence, many scientists have hoped to conduct research on them to find ways to overcome AIDS.
Professor Yu Xu from Harvard Medical School has been committed to researching elite controllers. On August 26 , 2020 , her research team published a paper in the top international academic journal Nature [1] , reporting an elite of elite controllers, this person During more than 23 years of follow-up, no antiretroviral drug treatment was used, but when the 1.5 billion peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested, no complete HIV virus sequence was found .
This situation only occurred in the ” Berlin patient ” who was completely cured of AIDS . That is to say, this “elite controller” is very likely to have healed on his own, and his immune system completely cleared the HIV virus library in the body. . This is also the first known AIDS patient who has not been completely cured without stem cell transplantation. She is also known as the ” San Francisco patient “.
November 16, 2021, Yu Xu professor team in Annals of Internal Medicine journal published a report entitled: A Possible Cure of sterilizing HIV-1 Infection Without the Cell Transplantation Stem research paper [2] .
The paper reported that AIDS patients to completely cure the second untreated , and called for the ” Esperanza patient .”
This woman from Esperanza, Argentina was diagnosed with AIDS in 2013 and only received 6 months of antiretroviral treatment when she was pregnant. After giving birth to a healthy baby in 2020, she did not receive it again. Any treatment anymore.
Like the San Francisco patient , no complete HIV genome was found in her more than 1.19 billion blood cells and 500 million tissue cells. This shows that the second untreated, completely self-healing AIDS patient is likely to have come out.
Professor Yu Xu said that these findings, especially after the discovery of the second self-healing patient, indicate that there is likely to be a feasible way to help the vast majority of AIDS patients who are unable to heal themselves to achieve a complete cure .
These two untreated self-healing patients are likely to have specific killer T cell responses. If the immune mechanism behind this is revealed, corresponding treatments can be developed to activate the immune systems of other AIDS patients. Help them to completely remove the HIV virus library and achieve a complete cure.
Professor Yu Xu said that the team is currently exploring the possibility of inducing this immunity in AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral drug treatment through vaccination, with the aim of activating their immune system so that it can be protected from antiretroviral diseases. Control HIV virus in the case of drugs.
The leader of the study, Yu Xu, associate professor at Harvard Medical School
Berlin patient
In 1995, Timothy Ray Brown (Timothy Ray Brown) is her boyfriend infected with the HIV , the antiretroviral therapy (ART) , he was a successful AIDS control for 10 years.
However, misfortunes never come singly. In 2006, Timothy was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia . After 61 experiments, his attending physician successfully found a bone marrow match with a deletion mutation in the CCR5 gene .
In 2007, Timothy received a bone marrow transplant in Berlin, Germany. After the bone marrow transplant, he not only cured leukemia, but also miraculously disappeared from the HIV virus in his body. He became the first AIDS patient to be completely cured in history . He is famous ” Berlin patient “, until 2019, he was the only AIDS patient in the world to be completely cured.
October 2020 2 Ri, Timothy died of leukemia relapse, before his death he said: “Great family continue to fight, fight to find the cure all AIDS therapy, I just do not want that unique .”
London patient
On March 5, 2019, Nature Journal published a paper [3] , reporting the long-term symptom relief of a patient with both Hodgkin’s lymphoma and AIDS after receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from a donor with a CCR5 gene deletion mutation . Not only has Hodgkin’s lymphoma recovered, but the HIV virus is no longer detected in the body .
On March 10, 2020, the Lancet HIV Journal published a paper [4 ] , after 4 consecutive years of follow-up research on this patient after treatment, the improvement of his condition was changed from long-term remission to cure. Announcing the emergence of the second completely cured AIDS patient in the world, and called it the ” London patient “.
The appearance of patients in Berlin and London makes us believe that AIDS is not invincible.
The appearance of San Francisco patients and Esperanza patients reminds us that there is probably a feasible way to help the vast majority of AIDS patients who are unable to heal themselves to achieve a complete cure . If the immune mechanism behind this can be found, it will bring hope to the 38 million AIDS patients.
references:
1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2651-8
2. https://www.acpjournals.org/doi/10.7326/L21-0297
3. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1027-4
4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30069-2
Harvard: The second self-healing AIDS patient in the world was discovered by same research team.
(source:internet, reference only)
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