Where can liver cancer metastasize to?
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Where can liver cancer metastasize to?
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Where can liver cancer metastasize to? The liver cancer metastasized to the brain.
The tumor ruptured and bleeds in the brain. Almost the entire half of the brain was blood. The patient immediately became comatose and had difficulty breathing. When he arrived at the hospital, he had a brain herniation and finally gave up active treatment.
This is a case received by night shift some time ago. The patient has liver cancer for almost 10 years.
Being able to live with cancer for so long is mainly because it was discovered very early, because the patient’s elder brother was a doctor in the CT room, who discovered the tumor through CT, and has been actively treated since then, and has a physical examination every year.
However, he missed the head CT examination because he did not expect liver cancer to metastasize to the brain.
Liver cancer is a highly metastatic malignant tumor. Even for small liver cancers with a diameter of less than 2 cm, 20% of them have microvascular invasion.
The metastasis of liver cancer is divided into intrahepatic metastasis and extrahepatic distant metastasis
Intrahepatic metastasis
It is the earliest and most common metastasis of liver cancer. Cancer tissue first spreads directly in the liver, and is easy to spread and metastasize in the liver along the branches of the portal vein, causing multiple metastatic nodules in the liver.
Intrahepatic metastasis is also the main reason for early recurrence after liver cancer resection.
Distant metastasis outside the liver
Extrahepatic metastasis is called distant metastasis. The word “distant” indicates the wide range of metastasis, and even women can transfer to the ovaries.
The reason for the high metastasis is that there are three ways of liver cancer metastasis:
1. Blood tract metastasis
Blood tract metastasis refers to that after cancer cells invade blood vessels, they follow the bloodstream to reach distant organs, and then continue to grow to form metastatic cancer. Therefore, the transferable places are very wide. However, the lungs and liver are the most frequently metastatic organs.
Suspect whether the cancer has blood tract metastasis, often check the lung and liver
The blood vessels that cancer cells enter are often veins. Because the walls of the veins are thinner and the pressure inside the tube is low, cancer cells often invade. Venous blood circulates back to the heart, through the right heart to the lungs, and easily forms metastatic cancer in the lungs. Tumor cells that invade the hepatic portal vein system are likely to metastasize in the liver. Other metastatic organs are the brain, adrenal glands, kidneys and bones. The blood circulation diagram is as follows:
2. Lymphatic metastasis
Lymph is like a blood tract with a pipeline system. When cancer cells invade the lymph vessels, they can follow the lymph flow to reach the local lymph nodes. Cancer tissue can invade the entire lymph node, causing it to swell and harden its texture; it can also cause adjacent lymph nodes to fuse into clusters.
Lymph node metastasis is characterized by metastasis to one or a group of lymph nodes, and then to the next or next group of lymph nodes. The first or first group of lymph nodes that are metastasized is called sentinel lymph nodes. If there is no cancer metastasis in the sentinel lymph node, the chance of metastasis in other lymph nodes is very low.
The lymph node metastasis of liver cancer is usually hilar lymph node metastasis, and it can also metastasize to the pancreas, spleen, para-aortic and supraclavicular lymph nodes.
3. Planting transfer
When the cancerous tissue invades the surface of the organ, the cancer cells can be detached and planted on the surrounding organs like seeding, which can form multiple metastatic tumors. Cancer cells that fall off the surface of the liver can be planted in the peritoneum, diaphragm, pelvis, etc.
In general, the metastasis of liver cancer can reach multiple places throughout the body. Intrahepatic metastasis is often the first to happen, after extrahepatic metastasis, the place often goes to the lung. In addition, the occurrence of liver disease is insidious, and sometimes the symptoms of metastasis can become the first symptoms of liver cancer, such as coughing and hemoptysis caused by metastasis to the lungs, and liver cancer is found due to lung symptoms.
Where can liver cancer metastasize to?
(source:internet, reference only)
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