Impacts of Mobile Phone Radiation on Sleep and Brain Cell Gene Expression
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Impacts of Mobile Phone Radiation on Sleep and Brain Cell Gene Expression
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Impacts of Mobile Phone Radiation on Sleep and Brain Cell Gene Expression.
Long-term electromagnetic radiation from mobile phones will affect sleep and gene expression in brain cells?
Mobile phones seem to have long been an important organ that “grows” in contemporary people.
The first thing you do when you open your eyes in the morning is to look at your mobile phone; it’s almost impossible to walk without your mobile phone during the day, and you need to check time and information all the time; after a tiring day, the last thing you need to do is to spend time with your mobile phone. fall asleep…
As the saying goes, “When you sleep in spring, you wake up and play with your mobile phone. Look up at the moon and play with your mobile phone.” It has become a common problem for people not to leave their mobile phones, and many people even suffer from “Nomophobia ” .
It has to be admitted that in addition to bringing convenience to people, technology must also coexist with “hard work”. For example: electromagnetic radiation. Although invisible to the naked eye, electromagnetic radiation is everywhere. Among them, radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF EMR) is closely related to human beings .
The frequency range of RF EMR ranges from 3kHz to 300GHz. The electromagnetic radiation of about 2.4GHz frequency released by the most common mobile phones, Bluetooth and WIFI devices in daily life belongs to the category of RF EMR. In the past 5 years, the number of wireless electronic devices in major cities in the world has doubled, and the rapid development of Wi-Fi, 5G mobile phones, Bluetooth, microwave ovens and other electronic devices has naturally led to a sharp increase in EMR in the environment.
However, what are the biological effects of the RF EMR emitted by these wireless devices, and are there potential health hazards? It has always been a question that people are curious and worried about.
To answer this question, Xihu University President Shi Yigong and his team delved into the effects of RF EMR on specific cells in the brain.
The study results showed that RF EMR modulated the transcription factor C/EBPβ expression and function of oligodendrocytes in the brain in a waveform- and cell-type-dependent manner, which may have unexpected biological effects.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311131
In the central nervous system, neurons are the most basic structural and functional units of the nervous system, and are also important cells responsible for information transmission.
From a structural point of view, a layer of membrane called myelin sheath surrounds the axon of neuron cells , which determines the speed and efficiency of neuron action potentials.
Myelin is primarily made of oligodendrocytes , but the latter do much more than that. In addition to their ability to insulate axons, oligodendrocytes provide metabolic support to neurons and induce the accumulation of sodium channels that underlie jump conduction.
In addition, oligodendrocytes play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and regulate depressive disorders, sleep and wakefulness, and glioblastoma, among others.
In oligodendrocytes, there is such a transcription factor – C/EBPβ . It regulates a variety of physiological activities, including autophagy, myeloid differentiation, inflammation, synaptic plasticity, and the etiology of glioblastoma. C/EBPβ is also the key research object in this thesis.
To investigate the effects of the most common 2.4GHz EMR exposure in life on the brain, the researchers combined four types of brain cells, including oligodendrocytes, neurons, microglia and primary astrocytes, Placed in a continuous or pulse-modulated waveguide exposure device for 6 and 48 hours, respectively.
RNA sequencing results showed that the mRNA level of C/EBPβ in oligodendrocytes was significantly upregulated after 6 hours of pulsed RF EMR, and the effect of 48 hours had a similar effect. However, this level did not increase significantly under the influence of continuous RF EMR.
Specifically, C/EBPβ mRNA is capable of producing three different protein isoforms, all translated from a single C/EBPβ mRNA.
Under the action of common electromagnetic radiation waves from wireless electronic devices for 6 hours, especially pulsed RF EMR, the expression levels of C/EBPβ isomers were significantly changed, and the expressions of LAP1, LAP2, and LIP were significantly increased.
In conclusion, brief exposure to pulsed radiofrequency radiation is more likely to disrupt the transcription and expression of C/EBPβ in oligodendrocytes.
Changes of C/EBPβ in oligodendrocytes under the influence of 2.4GHz EMR
In oligodendrocytes, the transcription factor C/EBPβ exerts its transcriptional activity by recruiting different proteins.
However, expression of most of the C/EBPβ-interacting proteins detected by the investigators was also significantly upregulated after 6 hours of irradiation, consistent with changes in C/EBPβ expression.
It can be seen that the effect of 2.4GHz EMR on C/EBPβ is not unilateral, but also increases the expression of interacting proteins, further affecting the transcription process.
The expression of C/EBPβ-interacting protein was also changed under 6-hour RF EMR
Scientists have been working to explore the relationship between radio frequency electromagnetic radiation and brain tumors due to concerns about the adverse consequences of long-term exposure to mobile phones for the human brain.
Early studies have found that the use of mobile phones does not significantly increase the risk of brain tumors; however, recent animal experiments have shown that long-term exposure to radio frequency radiation from CDMA mobile phones may increase the incidence of malignant glioma in rats.
In this study, the research team confirmed that 2.4GHz radio frequency radiation can change the expression and transcriptional activity of C/EBPβ in oligodendrocytes.
Because C/EBPβ plays an important role in glioblastoma, researchers are concerned about a potential link between exposure to 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiation from wireless electronic devices and the development of glioblastoma.
Of course, this study alone cannot confirm that radiofrequency radiation can induce glioblastoma, but the research published by Shi Yigong’s team in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a well-known international academic journal, has confirmed that long-term exposure to 2.4 GHz EMR affects sleep in mice, significantly increasing total waking time.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2105838118
The results showed that prolonged exposure to 2.4 GHz electromagnetic radiation emitted by common wireless electronic devices decreased non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) sleep time, and a corresponding increase in awake time.
It can be seen that long-term exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the wireless range can indeed cause specific physiological responses in organisms, such as affecting sleep structure.
The above research also reminds us not to become slaves of mobile phones and other electronic devices!
After reading this article, put down your phone, stay away from the “nearest” electromagnetic radiation, and walk into the “real world”!
References:
[1]Huang B, Zhao W, Cai X, Zhu Y, Lu Y, Zhao J, Xiang N, Wang X, Deng H, Tang X, et al. Expression and Activity of the Transcription Factor CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein β (C/EBPβ) Is Regulated by Specific Pulse-Modulated Radio Frequencies in Oligodendroglial Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023; 24(13):11131. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311131
[2]Liu L, Deng H, Tang X, Lu Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Zhao Y, Huang B, Shi Y. Specific electromagnetic radiation in the wireless signal range increases wakefulness in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 2021 Aug 3;118(31):e2105838118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2105838118. PMID: 34330835; PMCID: PMC8346830.
Impacts of Mobile Phone Radiation on Sleep and Brain Cell Gene Expression.
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